1. Declarative Statements
2. Expression Statements
3. Assignment Statements
4. Selective Statements
   • if .. else
   • switch .. case
5. Iteration Statements
   • for
   • while
   • do .. while
6. Jump Statements
   • break
   • continue
   • goto
7. Exception Handling Statements
   • try .. catch .. finally
   • do .. finally
   • throw

Declarative Statements

// Variable declaration without initial value.
double noValueYet;

// Variable declaration with initial value.
double initValue = 1.22674;

// Constant declaration statement.
const double pi = 3.141592654;

Expression Statements

// Assignment. 
area = 3.14 * (radius * radius);

// Method invocation.
snapperName.invalidate;
snapperName.invalidate();

// New object creation and assignment (Only for non-primitive data types).
buf = new StrBuf();
buf = StrBuf();
init buf();
init buf(64);

There is also a conditional init, which allows you to replace this:

if (!buf) init buf();

With this:

init? buf();

Assignment Statements

Standard assignment in CM is done with the = operator.

extend public void operator=(type name) { }
extend public void operator+=(type name) { }
extend public void operator<<(type name) { }
...

Assignment with numeric types can be done with all other operators and can of course be overridden on subclasses classes as well. 

Selective Statements

See also Control Flow article.

if .. else

if (condition) {
    consequence(s)
} else if (condition) {
    consequence(s)
} else {
    consequence(s)
}

if (condition)
   one-line consequence
else if (condition)
   one-line consequence
else 
   one-line consequence

switch .. case

switch (expression) {
    case (value1) : {
        consequence(s)
    }
    case (value2) : {
        consequence(s)
    }
    default : {
        consequence(s)
    }
}

switch (expression) {
    case (value1) :
        one-line consequence
    case (value2) :
        one-line consequence
    default : 
        one-line consequence
}

A switch-statement consists of three parts. A switch part containing an expression and block, [1, N] case parts followed by an optional default part. If the expression in the switch part results in a value that is not covered by the cases and there is no default block defined, a missing default exception will be thrown.

Some other languages give the possibility to break in case blocks. In CM the break will be implicitly done after a case block has been executed.

Iteration Statements

See also Control Flow article.

for

for (controlVariable in values) {
    consequence(s)
}

while

while (condition) {
    consequence(s)
}

Another possibility is to include initialization and/or increment in the while statement.

while (initialization; condition; increment) {
    consequence(s)
}

do .. while

do {
    consequence(s)
} while condition

Jump Statements

See also Control Flow article.

break

for (x in 1..3) {
    pln(x);
    break;
}

Output:

1

continue

for (x in 1..3) {
    if (c == 2) continue;
    pln(x);
}

Output:
1
3

goto

goto JumpHere;
...
JumpHere:
...

Exception Handling Statements

See also Control Flow article.

try .. catch .. finally

try {
    consequence(s)
} catch (Exception e) {
    exception handling
} finally {
    cleanup
}

do .. finally

do {
    consequence(s)
} finally {
    cleanup
}

throw

if (isSomethingWrong)
    throw Exception("Insert exception message here");